First Bull Run
Relative Strength of the Opposing Forces
(by Davide Pastore)
Last Update 01 July 2005
U.S. Forces (McDowell) |
Staff |
Infantry |
Cavalry |
Artillery |
Aggregate |
1st Division (Tyler) [less 4th Brigade] |
|
9,223 |
|
202 |
9,425 |
2nd Division (Hunter) |
|
5,489 |
420 |
258 |
6,167 |
3rd Division (Heintzelman) |
|
8,863 |
|
184 |
9,047 |
Aggregate Engaged |
|
23,575 |
420 |
644 |
24,639 |
% of enemy |
|
139.7% |
39.1% |
97.7% |
132.5% |
NOT ENGAGED |
|
|
|
|
|
Staff etc. |
76 |
|
|
|
76 |
4th Brigade, 1st Division (Richardson) |
|
3,242 |
|
110 |
3,352 |
5th Division (Miles) |
|
5,903 |
|
258 |
6,161 |
Aggregate Total |
76 |
32,720 |
420 |
1012 |
34,228 |
All strength are Present for Duty (from OR 2:309).
Artillery strengths are calculated on a ratio of 18.4 men per gun
(average for the Army of the Potomac).
Cavalry strength is calculated on a ratio of 60 men per company
(as E, 2nd U.S. cavalry, listed in OR 2:309).
Individual values are:
-
Staff: My assessments (when strength not reported) are 6 men for
each division and 3 men for each brigade.
Department 19 men (report),
Tyler 6 + 3 x 3 = 15 men;
Hunter 6 + 2 x 3 = 12 men;
Heintzelman 6 + 3 x 3 = 15 men;
Miles 6 + 2 x 3 = 12 men;
aggregate 73 men.
-
Tyler: aggregate present 9,936 x 95% (army average) = 9,440 men;
staff 15 men;
artillery 11 x 18.4 = 202 men;
infantry 9,440 - 15 - 202 = 9,223 men.
-
Hunter: pfd 2,485 + 3,634 (Burnside) + 60 (E, 2nd U.S. cavalry)
= 6,179 men;
staff 12 men;
artillery 14 x 18.4 = 258 men;
cavalry 7 x 60 = 420 men;
infantry 6,179 - 12 - 420 - 258 = 5,489 men.
-
Heintzelman: pfd 9,062 men;
staff 15 men;
artillery 10 x 18.4 = 184 men;
infantry 9,062 - 15 - 184 = 8,863 men.
-
Richardson: pfd 12,795 - 9,440 = 3,355 men;
staff 3 men;
artillery 6 x 18.4 = 110 men;
infantry 3,355 - 3 - 110 = 3,242 men.
-
Miles: pfd 6,173 men;
staff 12 men;
artillery 14 x 18.4 = 258 men;
infantry 6,173 - 12 - 258 = 5,903 men.
C.S. Forces (Johnston) |
Staff |
Infantry |
Cavalry |
Artillery |
Aggregate |
1st Brigade, AoShe (Jackson) |
|
3,054 |
|
148 |
3,202 |
2nd Brigade, AoShe (Bartow) |
|
1,221 |
|
74 |
1,295 |
3rd Brigade, AoShe (Bee) |
|
1,405 |
|
74 |
1,479 |
4th Brigade, AoShe (Elzey) |
|
2,477 |
|
74 |
2,551 |
Unattached, AoShe |
|
|
318 |
|
318 |
Part of 1st Brigade, AoPot (Bonham) |
|
1,527 |
485 |
80 |
2,092 |
5th Brigade, AoPot (Cooke) |
|
3,164 |
135 |
74 |
3,373 |
6th Brigade, AoPot (Early) |
|
1,998 |
|
61 |
2,059 |
Provisional Brigade, AoPot (Evans) |
|
889 |
135 |
74 |
1,098 |
Unattached, AoPot |
|
1,135 |
|
|
1,135 |
Aggregate Engaged |
|
16,870 |
1,073 |
659 |
18,602 |
% of enemy |
|
71.6% |
255.5% |
102.3% |
75.5% |
NOT ENGAGED |
|
|
|
|
|
Staff etc. |
61 |
|
|
|
61 |
Unattached, AoShe |
|
584 |
|
|
584 |
Part of 1st Brigade, AoPot (Bonham) |
|
2,754 |
|
85 |
2,839 |
2nd Brigade, AoPot (Ewell) |
|
2,440 |
209 |
79 |
2,728 |
3rd Brigade, AoPot (Jones) |
|
2,117 |
68 |
40 |
2,225 |
4th Brigade, AoPot (Longstreet) |
|
2,782 |
68 |
40 |
2,890 |
Holmes' Brigade |
|
1,343 |
95 |
110 |
1,548 |
Unattached, AoPot |
|
536 |
368 |
293 |
1,197 |
Aggregate Total |
61 |
29,426 |
1,881 |
1,306 |
32,674 |
All strength are Present for Duty.
ARMY OF SHENANDOHA
From the report in OR 2:487, initial forces (1st, 2nd and
3rd brigades) were 6,000 men "ready for action on the field."
As a rule for any Confederate report that does not explicitly
say the contrary, I assumed that this number does not include
officers (nor staff, calculated below with the Army of the
Potomac) and so I added other 368 men (6.14% average for the
Army of the Potomac), aggregate Pfd 6,368 men. I assumed that
this number includes cavalry and artillery.
Cavalry is 300 (as per OR 2:483) plus 18 officers (6.14%),
aggregate Pfd 318.
Artillery is 18.4 men per gun (average for the Army of the
Potomac), aggregate Pfd 370 men (74 men per each battery).
Aggregate Pfd infantry is 6,368 - 370 - 318
= 5,680 men, equally divided amongst brigades according
to the number of companies (93 in total).
Individual values are:
-
Jackson: infantry 5,680 x 50/93 = 3,054 men. Artillery
2 x 74 = 148 men.
Aggregate 3,202 men.
-
Bartow: infantry 5,680 x 20/93 = 1,221 men. Artillery 74 men.
Aggregate 1,295 men.
-
Bee: infantry 5,680 * 23/93 = 1,405 men. Artillery 74 men.
Aggregate 1,479 men.
-
Smith: 2,334 men, including 6th N.C. but excluding 13th Va.
and the artillery battery (the report makes clear that all
the 20 guns were on the field at battle start) + 143 officers
(6.14%) = 2,477 men. Artillery 74 men. Aggregate 2,551 men.
-
Unattached, Army of the Shenandoha (engaged):
cavalry 318 men.
-
Unattached, Army of the Shenandoha (not engaged):
infantry (13th Va.) 550 men + 34 officers (6.14%) = 584 men.
ARMY OF THE POTOMAC
Values are from the two tables in OR 2:568 (all units, and engaged
units). For the Washington Artillery (220 men): Early's
detachment had 61 men, so other three detachments had 159
men (220 - 61) with 8 (4 + 2 + 2) guns, calculated in
three units of 79, 40 and 40 men. For cavalry: 30th Va.
had 676 men, detachments had 4 x 2 + 2 x 1 companies,
calculated here in 4 x 135 men + 2 x 68 men. Ten unattached
companies had 583 men, detachments had 6 + 4 companies,
calculated here in 350 + 233 men.
Individual values are:
-
Staff: My assessments (when strength not reported) are 12 men for
each army (corps level) and 3 men for each brigade.
Army of the Shenandoha: 12 + 4 x 3 = 24 men;
Army of the Potomac: 12 + 22 (reports) = 34 men;
Holmes 3 men;
aggregate 61 men.
-
Bonham, engaged:
infantry 1,527 men;
cavalry 135 + 350 = 485 men;
artillery 80 men;
aggregate 2,092 men.
-
Bonham, unengaged:
infantry 4,281 - 1,527 = 2,754 men;
artillery 85 men;
aggregate 2,839 men.
-
Ewell:
infantry 2,440 men;
cavalry 209 men;
artillery 79 men;
aggregate 2,728 men.
-
Jones:
infantry 2,117 men;
cavalry 68 men;
artillery 40 men;
aggregate 2,225 men.
-
Longstreet:
infantry 2,524 men x 37/40 (deducting detachment 1st Va.)
+ 447 men (six companies of 24th Va. from Sixth brigade, see)
= 2,782 men;
cavalry 68 men;
artillery 40 men;
aggregate 2,890 men.
-
Cooke:
infantry 3,273 men x 40/44 (deducting 1st La. btn.)
+ 2,524 x 3/40 (1st Va.) = 3,164 men;
cavalry 135 men;
artillery 74 men (half of Latham's and Loudon);
aggregate 3,373 men.
-
Early:
infantry engaged 1,772 x 20/30 (deducting 4th S.C.) + 817
(7th La., incorrectly listed as "Seventh Brigade") = 1,998 men;
artillery 61 men;
aggregate 2,059 men.
The strength of 24th Va. is: 2,517 men (the number of 261
officers being apparently a typo for 161) - 1,772 = 745 men;
6/10 (447 men) with Fourth Brigade and 4/10 (198 men)
unattached.
-
Evans:
infantry 1,772 x 10/30 (4th S.C.) + 3,273 x 4/44 (1st La. btn.)
= 889 men;
cavalry 135 men;
artillery 74 men (half of Latham's and Loudon);
aggregate 1,098 men.
-
Holmes:
infantry 1,265 "bayonets" (OR 2:487) + 78 officers (6.14%)
= 1,343 men;
cavalry 90 men (OR 2:487) + 5 officers (in parallel as
infantry) = 95 men;
artillery 110 men (army average for six guns);
aggregate 1,548 men.
-
Unattached, Army of the Potomac (engaged):
8th La. 508 men;
Hampton's Legion 627 men (as per second table, the 27 officers
having apparently been counted twice in the first);
aggregate 1,135 men.
-
Unattached, Army of the Potomac (not engaged):
infantry
8th La. 338 men (846 men incorrectly listed as "Eigth
Brigade" - 508);
24th Va. 198 men;
aggregate infantry 536 men;
cavalry 135 + 233 = 368 men;
artillery 293 men;
aggregate 1,197 men.